Dehydration represents another plausible mechanism, especially in patients achieving significant weight loss
For larger changes (US to Europe, 6 to 9 hours), consider: Option 1: Inject at your normal body-clock time (8 AM Los Angeles time = 5 PM Paris time) Option 2: Inject at your normal clock time in the new zone (8 AM Paris time) and accept the 9-hour early dose Option 2 is fine for a one-week trip
Fourth, MR requires stringent assumptions, i.e., the genetic variants are associated with the exposure, no confounders of the associations of the genetic variants with the outcomes exist, and the genetic variants are not associated with the outcomes other than via affecting the relevant exposure (no pleiotropy) [17]
Propensity score matching and covariates Patients in the GLP-1 agonists group were matched to a patient in the non-GLP-1 agonists group using 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) to reduce confounders 22
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