The mechanism likely involves copper-dependent signaling and the activation of transition metal-sensitive transcription factors (Pickart & Margolina, 2018)
Diagnosis typically involves blood tests including full blood count (showing macrocytosis), anti-intrinsic factor antibodies (which are specific for pernicious anaemia), and sometimes anti-parietal cell antibodies
Taking into account the above factors, it is no wonder that naturally occurring oral sunblock supplements have been a big hit in the aesthetic market
It is true that membrane-permeable iron chelators such as ciclopirox (CPX), 2,2-bipyridyl(2,2-BP) and impermeable iron chelators such as deferoxamine (DFO) provide adequate protection against ferroptotic cell death, while supplementation with exogenous iron sources or transferrin in combination with iron without treating with other divalent metals accelerates ferroptosis (Yagoda et al., 2007
Nausea is another common side effect of PT-141, but it is usually mild and goes away within a few hours