The most common B12 intramuscular injection sites are the following: The upper buttocks The provider inserts the needle into the outer and upper region of the muscle
The 2025 IV pilot measured cardiac, hepatic, renal, thyroid, and glucose biomarkers and reported no abnormalities (Lee et al., 2025), which gives a sense of what those investigators considered worth checking
Extended modulation of these pathways could potentially influence hormonal regulation, mood, and neurological function
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Loren Walensky, a professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, is also a senior author of the study, which appears in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences the week of Jan