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Understanding Vitamin B12: A Vital Nutrient for Energy Production Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in many bodily functions

Do the three components react with each other in the vial or in solution

Presented for research literature review only Magni G et al

References to scientific studies are provided for informational purposes only and do not constitute claims regarding product performance or intended use.

Risk factors that should prompt consideration of B12 deficiency include advancing age (reduced stomach acid production), strict vegan or vegetarian diets, pernicious anaemia, gastrointestinal surgery (particularly gastric bypass or ileal resection), long-term use of certain medications (metformin, proton pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists), nitrous oxide exposure (including recreational use), and conditions affecting the gut such as Crohn's disease or coeliac disease