LZ: Funding acquisition, Supervision, Validation, Writing review and editing
Only use pharmaceutical-grade peptides from reputable sources
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1638981 Received 31 May 2025 Accepted 14 August 2025 Published 10 September 2025 Volume 12 - 2025 Edited by Iain Brownlee, Northumbria University, United Kingdom Reviewed by Qianqian Zhang, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, China Ion Hobai, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States Updates Copyright 2025 Ukwade, Hernandez, Modi, Raza, Siegel, Nwachukwu, Sarraf, Memon, Booth, Cooper, Boulay and Mutlu
oxidized form)/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH
They just started finding them from gray-market online vendors with no quality controls, no doctor involved, and no guarantee of what was actually in the vials