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In research settings, peptides can help scientists investigate areas such as molecular signalling, cellular responses, and biochemical pathways

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Single-point energies were calculated on the optimized geometries using the B97X-D hybrid functional 87 and the 6-311 + G(2d,p) basis set with ultrafine integration grids for the QM part and the ff14SB, gaff2 and TIP3P force fields for the MM part (protein, substrate and water, respectively) with electrostatic embedding

As a naturally occurring tripeptide complexed with copper ions, GHK-CU serves as an important compound in peptide-based biochemical research

Knight SR, Shaw CA, Pius R, et al