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This includes people with: Pernicious anaemia (autoimmune destruction of intrinsic factor-producing cells), typically requiring lifelong IM injections Crohn's disease or surgical resection affecting the terminal ileum Coeliac disease causing malabsorption (may improve with gluten-free diet) Chronic pancreatitis reducing enzyme availability needed for B12 release Vegans and strict vegetarians need reliable B12 sources through fortified foods or supplements, as plant-based diets contain negligible amounts of active B12
These cells produce intrinsic factor, a glycoprotein that binds to vitamin B12 in the stomach and is essential for normal absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine into the blood
Lactoferrin versus ferrous sulphate for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy: a randomized clinical trial
Customizing Vitamin B12 shots for different groups helps doctors get better results
Parenteral thiamine can in rare instances trigger an acute allergic response characterized by hypotension, breathlessness, itching, and swelling
