It upregulates genes involved in collagen synthesis (COL1A1, COL3A1, COL5A1), extracellular matrix remodeling (decorin, fibromodulin), and antioxidant defense (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) while simultaneously suppressing genes associated with inflammation (IL-6, TNF-alpha), fibrinogen production, and tissue destruction (several MMPs)
No published research characterizes adverse events at sustained injectable doses above 5-10 mg/week in humans
Do not store the pen with the needle attached to prevent leaking, blocking the needle, and air from entering the pen
Anti-Inflammatory Properties This copper peptide is often described as anti-inflammatory in popular summaries, but the research paints a more nuanced picture
What is GHK-Cu