Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS) exemplify such disorders, where conventional immunosuppressive therapies, though often effective, are associated with considerable risks including infection and systemic toxicity
Regarding static scaffold-free 3D cultures, the most common techniques employed are the forced floating method, the hanging drop method, and the magnetic levitation method while for dynamic systems, agitation-based techniques are applied using spinner flask bioreactors and rotational flask bioreactors [247]
instead, they target complementary pathways
Pons R, Darryl C: Primary and secondary carnitine deficiency syndromes
Therefore, obese patients may require dose adjustments, though supporting evidence for this approach is limited [53,54,55]