When these algae experience stress such as intense sunlight, nutrient scarcity, or high salinity they begin producing astaxanthin as a shield to protect their cells from oxidative damage.16 Many marine animals feed on these algae, such as:17 Salmon Shrimp Krill Trout Flamingos These animals absorb and store the pigment in their tissues, which gives them their distinctive pink or reddish coloration.18 What makes astaxanthin compelling is that the same compound algae use to shield their cells from light, heat, and environmental stress may also help human cells withstand similar challenges
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"Twice daily N-acetylcysteine 600 mg for exacerbations of COPD (PANTHEON)." Lancet Respir Med
Some small studies suggest that L-carnitine supplementation during calorie restriction may improve the ratio of fat loss to lean mass loss, but the effect sizes are small and not all studies agree
The peptides proposed mechanisms and animal data are intriguing enough to justify scientific interest, but they have yet to be confirmed in rigorous human studies