When your B12 levels are low, you may experience: Chronic fatigue and weakness Difficulty concentrating or memory loss Tingling or numbness in your hands and feet Mood swings or increased irritability Pale skin and shortness of breath B12 injections are a direct, effective way to restore optimal levels for those with malabsorption issues (such as people with gastrointestinal disorders, vegetarians, or those taking specific medications)
Work with your healthcare provider to determine the ideal injection schedule
It is naturally available in animal products, but deficiencies can occur due to dietary restrictions, malabsorption issues, or certain health conditions
However, a 2021 case report found that choline injections caused severe skin inflammation and hard nodules in the areas of administration
While the IOM had based B12 needs on the amount required to correct hematological parameters for people with pernicious anemia, the EFSA had almost 20 more years of research to draw on, and concluded that the most suitable approach was basing needs on biomarkers (serum B12, holotranscobalamin, MMA, and homocysteine)