Sugar-free packets still contain aspartame or sucralose, which some people (myself included) find triggers cravings
Specifically, the biosynthesis of amino acids (37 KOs), was significantly down-represented, including cysteine and methionine metabolism ( metA , metB , metK , mtnN , thrB , cysK , patB and L-serine dehydratase ), the biosynthesis of lysine ( dapA , dapB , dapE , dapH , dapL , argD , patA and lysA ), the metabolism of histidine ( hisA , hisB , hisE , hisH and hisI ), glycine, serine and threonine ( glyA , thrB , thrC and L-serine dehydratase ), alanine, aspartate and glutamate (asnA, asnB and argH), the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan ( aroD and aroE ) and the biosynthesis of arginine ( argD and argH )

Current Available Once Weekly Injectable GLP-1 Medications : Tirzepatide (GLP-1 and GIP agonist) Semaglutide Liraglutide Dulaglutide Current Available Daily Oral GLP-1 Medications: Semaglutide Orforglipron Of note, there are other GLP-1 medication combinations in the research pipeline, including a once a month injection, and oral medications that combine the GLP-1s with other beneficial compounds
The authors noted limitations including reliance on ICD codes to identify NAION, lack of data on diabetes duration prior to Medicare enrollment, and a restricted age range that may limit generalizability
Potential Risks, Side Effects and Safety Concerns Risks include water retention, elevated IGF-1, impaired glucose tolerance, and injection site infection for CJC 1295 and ipamorelin