Role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway in the pathogenesis of Graves orbitopathy
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Exercise Intolerance and Shortness of Breath: By improving endothelial blood flow and oxygen delivery to skeletal and respiratory muscles, L-carnitine can help delay the onset of anaerobic metabolism, reducing the burning sensation and breathlessness experienced during mild exertion

DOI: Published online: December 1, 2020 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 2 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 3 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Seoul, Korea 4 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 5 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea 6 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea Corresponding author: Sung-Woon Kim