IGF-1 LR3 (Long R3 Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1) is a synthetic research peptide engineered to enhance stability, potency, and biological activity compared to native IGF-1. With a modified amino acid sequence that significantly reduces binding affinity to IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), IGF-1 LR3 allows researchers to study unrestricted IGF-1 pathway activity, making it a centerpiece in advanced cellular and metabolic research
[13] [14] [15] [16] [17] The product is then reduced by dihydrodipicolinate reductase (DHDPR) (E.C 1.3.1.26), with NAD(P)H as a proton donor, to yield 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate (THDP)
A systematic review in 2024 identified 36 studies (35 preclinical, 1 clinical) from 1993 to 2024
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The results were confirmed for the non-related enzyme PfGrx with its homologous residues Lys26 and Asp90